What Is an APN, and How Is It Used in IoT?

Estimated reading time: 4 minutes

An access point name (APN) is the gateway an IoT device’s cellular network uses to connect to the internet. Any IoT or mobile device that generates data must be configured with a valid APN. 

In general, an APN should contain two parts (though they’re not required): 

• The network  identifier, which names the network 

• The operator  identifier, which designates the mobile network operator (MNO) 

When connecting to the internet, the carrier will determine the IP address to assign to the IoT device, including  security  parameters.

The Relationship Between IoT and APN  

When a business acquires an IoT device, it does not come preconfigured for connectivity — the company will need to set up the device. Sometimes, a device may be preconfigured for a custom private APN. However, a cellular IoT device will need an APN to connect to the network. 

An APN is a vital entry point for IoT devices to reach the network. It defines various settings, including the type of connectivity and quality of service (QoS) the device receives.  

Without an APN, an IoT solution may lose several core capabilities, like sending information to its central hub. Moreover, some IoT devices won’t be able to connect to the internet through the network if they do not have access to a correctly installed APN. 

Types of APNs 

There are two types of APNs: private and public. Private APNs use static IP addresses, and public APNs use dynamic IP addresses. 

An Internet of Things (IoT) device can easily access the internet when connected to a public APN. This is the default option for SIM subscriptions for IoT devices. However, public APNs do not provide the same level of security as private APNs. As these devices operate on the public internet, potential hackers can see and access them. 

Public APNs are acceptable for applications in which data security is not an issue. For a sensitive use case (e.g., a connected security camera), a private APN offers far more security.  

Another factor businesses must consider is whether they are using a static or dynamic IP address with their public or private APNs. As the names imply, static addresses link with only one device, but dynamic ones will change after each data session. Unlike with a dynamic IP address, the static IP address remains the same no matter where the device is in the world. 

A private APN enhances security and accessibility and allows for more customization.  It is cost-effective and limits the chance of security breaches that can cause financial losses. 

When using a private APN, the SIM subscription must be provisioned on the Home Location Register (HLR), Home Subscriber Server (HSS) and gateway. The IoT device’s settings must also match.

IoT APN and Security  

IoT network security should be a priority for every business, especially as cyberattacks rise faster than ever. Millions of connected devices, often deployed in remote areas, widen the attack surface. It creates multifold entry points for hackers to obtain sensitive information. Businesses building their IoT products must address regulatory hurdles before going to market. 

Nevertheless, private APNs enable IoT businesses to utilize customized firewall rules and IP addresses instead of default settings. Those launching an IoT solution may wish to use a private APN to limit access to the public internet. In addition, a private APN can be combined with a virtual private network (VPN) to enhance the security of an IoT device. 

Private APNs and static IPs can be used with eUICC SIMs and devices.  

Enhanced IoT Security with Private VPN 

A private VPN with a static IP address provides a secure tunnel for data transmission. Traffic is routed away from the main network, and all information is encrypted from end to end. This provides high data security and keeps information private, such as the device’s IP address and location. An IoT device connected via a private VPN is always accessible via the same IP address, simplifying deployment and protocols.  

A private VPN will ensure that your IoT devices are not subject to data limits or bandwidth throttling. Your devices will still have a fast connection between the two servers, even if the network is overloaded with traffic.

Learn More about IoT APNs and Our Enterprise-Grade Security  

Gain fast and flexible VPN and private APN implementation with the NExT™ network, powered by Telit Cinterion. Moreover, our IoT connectivity portal provides greater visibility into your IoT deployment to increase productivity. Our IoT connectivity services empower you to bolster security across your IoT deployment. 

Speak with our IoT connectivity experts to learn more about our flexible, secure connectivity plans. 

Editor’s Note: This blog was originally published on 6 September 2023 and has since been updated.